Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: AReview PMC
In cities with relatively few IV drug users, the equivalent of a shooting gallery may be the dealer’s apartment, a rented room, or a hotel room in which the dealer makes “house works” available to inject drugs at the time of purchase. The house works are borrowed, used to inject the drugs, and returned to the dealer for the next user—again, often without adequate cleaning or sterilization. Renting or borrowing works reduces the risk of arrest for possession of drug-related paraphernalia.
- Moreover, unlike other research strategies whose findings often lag months and even years behind the actual events, ethnographic studies can yield timely results that may act as an early warning of emerging problems.
- These data included information on prior treatment and the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary drugs of abuse, as well as client demographic data.
- The bleach distribution program in San Francisco involved community health outreach workers who distributed small bottles of full-strength household bleach.
- The capture-recapture model depends on the questionable assumptions that the population is stable, that each capture is an independent event and is not dependent on previous capture, and that a complete capture history is available.
- While this is a reasonable way to understand the scope of the problem, the method has its limitations.
Sexual Behaviors And IV Drug Use
Key interventions to prevent and control infections among people who inject drugs – European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)
Key interventions to prevent and control infections among people who inject drugs.
Posted: Tue, 07 Nov 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]
A high index of suspicion is necessary in these patients because positive blood culture and radiology findings and systemic symptoms may not be present initially, and a delay in diagnosis may result in neurologic compromise. We present an adapted infection control model that emphasizes the importance of a global approach to infection prevention as part of a larger harm reduction model to providing care to PWID. This educational intervention can be used as part of a bundle of implementation strategies iv drug use to improve morbidity and mortality in PWID. Multiple medical centers, including several Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers, were invited to participate in the “Six Moments of Infection Prevention in Injection Drug Use” curriculum through purposive sampling. The research team identified and recruited VA sites through an infectious disease provider network and via word of mouth. The tool was presented during existing educational forums, such as grand rounds or resident conferences.
Lack of education on risks of SBI
Participants repeatedly reported poor vein health as a result of their history of injection drug use. Consequently, most participants reported needing multiple injection attempts per injection episode (MIPIE) in order to achieve a successful injection. Despite underlying knowledge of the potential risk and general avoidance in sharing drug injection paraphernalia, participants mostly reported a perception of minimal individual risk and a generalized lack of understanding regarding safe injection practices for prevention of SBI. Intravenous drug users can be challenging patients to manage on medical wards, with aggressive behaviour, illicit drug use while in hospital and early self-discharge commonly encountered.
An ecosocial theory understanding of SBI risk in PWID
Appearances in intravenous drug users can be atypical, because the skin, venous, and lymphatic systems are damaged by frequent trauma and consequent low-grade infection. Skin and soft tissue infections are a common complication of injecting recreational drugs. Cutaneous abscesses and cellulitis are common presentations in people who inject drugs (PWID), while necrotising fasciitis is a medical emergency.
- The exact mechanism of infection is related to tissue trauma, ischaemia, and bacterial inoculation.
- Such solutions require the attention of a range of agencies—law enforcement, social service, health, housing, and education.
- Such psychological denial has been observed with a variety of behaviors that are negatively valued in society.
